What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (2025)

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What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (1)

Cover Here's everything you need to know about this annual festival (Photo: Getty Images)

Here's everything you need to know about this annual festival (Photo: Getty Images)

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What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (2)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (3)

There is much more to this festival than feasting on mooncakes—from its origins to time-honoured traditions, here’s everything you need to know about the age-old event

Also known as Mooncake Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional celebration that falls on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese calendar. On this day, the moon is also the fullest and brightest. This year, the festival will take place on September 29.

This yearly affair was first celebrated over 3,000 years ago and has gradually developed and evolved with time.

While it is believed that the festival first appeared during the Shang Dynasty, it only gained popularity during the early Tang Dynasty. As the festival falls in the middle of the Autumn harvest, it was a time when emperors and communities would worship the moon, praising it for providing them with bountiful harvests. Today, the annual festival sees loved ones gathering together to revel in festivities such as playing with lanterns, moon gazing and indulging in mooncakes.

Although we are no strangers to this annual festival, not many of us know about its history and traditions.

Read more: Mid-Autumn Festival 2023: The best mooncakes in Singapore to sweeten your festivities

The legend of Chang’e

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (4)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (5)

Above 'Chang'e flees to the moon', woodblock painting by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (Photo: Getty Images)

'Chang'e flees to the moon', woodblock painting by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (Photo: Getty Images)

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What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (6)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (7)

The central legend associated with the festival surrounds Chinese moon goddess Chang’e and her husband Hou Yi. The tale is said to have originated in from the Tang Dynasty, where Hou Yi is an archer who shot down nine out of 10 suns, saving the earth from scorching to death. As a reward, the gods gave him a gift of the elixir of immortality. Stealing the elixir from her husband, Chang’e drank the potion which led her to fly upwards to reside on the moon. In memory of her, Hou Yi would hold a feast when the moon is at its fullest, hoping to get a glimpse of her shadow.

Having a feast

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (8)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (9)

Above (Photo: Getty Images)

(Photo: Getty Images)

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What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (10)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (11)

Even today, the theme of having a feast on this day is still widely observed. On top of mooncakes, other savoury dishes are also typically eaten on this day, each having unique significance to the festival. For example, in the local southern Chinese dialect, taro sounds similar to ‘the coming of good fortune’. It’s believed that eating taro on this day will bring good luck and wealth. Dishes are washed down with osmanthus wine, made from an aromatic blend of baijiu and osmanthus flowers. The latter is known to symbolise prosperity, health and harmony.

Indulging in mooncakes

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (12)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (13)

Above (Photo: Getty Images)

(Photo: Getty Images)

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What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (14)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (15)

The tradition of eating mooncakes began in the Yuan Dynasty, where secret messages were smuggled inside mooncakes as an act to rebel against the Mongols.

Traditionally, mooncakes come steamed with no filling—flavoured cakes were only introduced in the early 19th century. Today, the delicacy is flaky, dense and come stuffed with a range of fillings. These mooncakes are said to symbolise togetherness and harmony, and typically cut into eight pieces before eating. Typically, these treats also come filled with a salted duck egg yolk, representing the moon.

Mid-Autumn Festival variants around the world

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (16)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (17)

Above Japanese Tsukimi festival food (Photo: Getty Images)

Japanese Tsukimi festival food (Photo: Getty Images)

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What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (18)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (19)

This festival is celebrated in various parts of the world, including Vietnam, Korea and Japan. In Vietnam, Tết TrungThu is a festival filled with lantern making, mooncake eating, lion dance performances and more. In Korea, Chuseok is traditionally celebrated to thank the heavens for a successful harvest. During this day, Families come together to eat and make offerings to deceased ancestors. In Japan, Tsukimi is a festive time when the autumn moon is honoured.

How do we celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival in Singapore?

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (20)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (21)

Above Chinatown's light sculpture

Chinatown's light sculpture

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What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (22)

What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (23)

Apart from spending time with loved ones and savouring mouthwatering dishes, there are a plethora of activities to do during the Mooncake Festival. Walk along Chinatown and admire its display of lanterns and lighted sculptures before enjoying an outdoor live performance at Gardens by the Bay. Then, head to the Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre for an evening filled with star gazing sessions, lantern walks and food trucks.

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What is Mid-Autumn Festival? Everything to know about the occasion (2025)

FAQs

What do you know about Mid-Autumn Festival? ›

Also called the Full Moon Festival, Mid Autumn Festival in Vietnam is an important cultural event for the locals. The festival takes place on the Full Moon night (the 15th day) of the 8th lunar month. At this time, it is believed that the moon shines the brightest during the whole year.

Why is it important to celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival? ›

The day of the Mid-autumn Festival is traditionally thought to be auspicious for weddings, as the moon goddess is believed to extend conjugal bliss to couples. The festival started more than 2,000 years ago as a post-autumn harvest celebration, which was devoted to thanking the gods.

What is the Mid Autumn Festival short story? ›

As the legend goes, Hou Yi was rewarded with an elixir of immortality after shooting down nine out of the ten suns that ravaged the land with drought and disaster. However, when Hou Yi's apprentice, Feng Meng, attempted to steal the elixir, Chang'e stopped him by drinking the elixir herself.

What is Mid-Autumn Festival info for kids? ›

The Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, is a traditional celebration observed in many East Asian cultures, particularly in China and Vietnam. It occurs on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, typically in September or October, when the moon is believed to be at its fullest and brightest.

What culture is Mid-Autumn Festival? ›

In China, the Mid-Autumn Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, is both a moment to reconnect across the ages and a vibrant cultural gathering. China and Việt Nam, though separated by mountains and rivers, share the same moon and wind.

What is eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival? ›

A typical table for the Mid-Autumn Festival highlights the local harvest. In China, foods such as pear, lotus root, squash, taro, mushroom, and crab are traditionally included because they are in season there. The classic dishes found in any Chinese feast also make an appearance: whole fish, duck, and pork belly.

What happens in mid-autumn? ›

It's time to hang a lantern, share a mooncake and peel a pomelo – Mid-Autumn Festival is here.Falling on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, it's celebrated primarily in East and Southeast Asia and is a time for families to gather to sample autumn harvests, light lanterns and admire what's believed to be the ...

What does the full moon symbolize in the Mid-Autumn Festival? ›

“It is believed that the moon is at its largest and roundest during this festival. The full moon symbolises prosperity, happiness, and family unity,” he said.

What does rabbit represent in Mid-Autumn Festival? ›

The Jade Rabbit became a symbol of worship and of the moon after people in ancient China noticed a rabbit-like impression formed by the craters and shadows on the lunar surface. Ever since, art has played an important role in passing on the legend of the Jade Rabbit.

What is the legend behind the festival of the Mid-Autumn moon? ›

The Moon Festival legend about Hou Yi and Chang E is always told to children at this time. Once upon a time, there were ten suns in the sky, scorching many crops and people to death. The Emperor of Heaven summoned Hou Yi to shoot down nine of the suns. Hou Yi succeeded, the weather soon recovered and life was saved.

What is the Mid-Autumn Festival for kids in Vietnam? ›

Mid-Autumn Festival is much more like the Children's Day, bringing them so much joy. Tet Trung Thu is a festival mainly for the children, with the purpose of bringing joy to the kids through traditional customs and activities such as folk dancing, singing, or playing games.

What is the story of the Mid-Autumn Festival in Vietnam? ›

The most famous Vietnamese story is about a man named Cuoi, a man who was taken to the moon by a magical banyan tree. According to the legend, Cuội lives on the moon and looks down upon the Earth during the festival. Children often sing songs about Cuoi and the moon, adding a whimsical touch to the festivities.

What are mooncakes made of? ›

Typically, mooncakes are made with a sweet baked dough on the outside and filled with either red bean or lotus seed paste and salted duck yolks to represent the full moon. This version is made with just red bean paste, but feel free to get creative and use your favorite nut or seed paste.

Why do people eat mooncakes on mid-autumn festivals? ›

The round cakes are gifted and shared with family, friends and business acquaintances to symbolize reunion each year on the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar. Today, mooncakes are made throughout China, although, as with much Chinese cuisine, regional variations abound.

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